Racial disparities in academic achievement may help explain why minorities earn less than whites, live shorter lives, and are more likely to be incarcerated. Understanding whether academic gains translate into improved life outcomes life is one of the most urgent questions in social science, as it goes to the heart of the education reform movement. This project uses survey and administrative data from lottery winners and lottery losers at the Promise Academy charter school in the Harlem Children's Zone to understand whether gains in test scores translate to gains in longer-run outcomes. The survey data includes questions on four key outcomes: health, college going, crime and wages. To provide some evidence on why charter schools do or do not impact long run outcomes, we will also collect information on five mediating outcomes: attitudes toward school, self-esteem, locus of control, self-control and discount rates.