Panel Paper: Allocation of WIC Benefits in One Vs. Two Parent Households: Examining the “Man Food” Hypothesis

Saturday, November 9, 2013 : 2:05 PM
West End Ballroom D (Washington Marriott)

*Names in bold indicate Presenter

Sarah Martin-Anderson, University of Missouri
Past research on the Supplemental Food and Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) has focused on the nutritional benefits to the clients in terms of nutrient intake, food insecurity and breastfeeding. WIC is a politically popular program, and is generally held up as an important part of battling hunger in the US. However, few studies to date investigate the allocation of WIC food within households when household size increases but benefits do not. This study is the first in the literature to compare the difference in food intake and corresponding nutritional markers between households headed by a female (with no male partner present) and those with both a male and female parent present. WIC is, by definition, only available to women, infants and children. However, it is unlikely that the benefits, once they enter the home, are consumed only by those who receive those benefits. Past studies (Ver Ploeg, 2009) show significant food spillover to older children, but fail to investigate the presence of adult males as well as from which eligible family member the food is being “taken”. Using data from the latest available National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), I analyze whether (1) the intake of WIC foods decreases among women and children in a WIC eligible household with a male presence and (2) whether nutritional markers of women and children vary significantly as a function of male presence in WIC eligible households. I also explore the presence of older, non WIC eligible children and whether these differences vary in magnitude when compared with the male adult differences. This study is in preliminary phases, but early results indicate significant decreases in food consumption among WIC eligible women with male partners in the household. No corresponding decrease in food consumption was evident among the children in the nuclear-family household, meaning the WIC food in these households is likely being siphoned from the mother to the father, and not from the children. Results by food category show the largest re-allocations from female to male parent occur in the “cereal” and “dairy” categories. Nutritional markers are still being analyzed. Implications of the findings in this paper will be highly informative for policy makers as well as WIC staff.