Collaboration and collective actions have become one of most important topic in the public discourse about immigration policy. Immigrant serving, non-public organizations could not work beyond own capacity. Yet, there are so many and different demands and needs in the arena. Thus, these organizations in immigration serving practice have looked for one another, acted in collective manner, and created collective social benefits otherwise individual organizations would not have produced. Recognizing diverse benefits from collaboration with diverse organizational actors and understanding own limitations, the public sector also have put policy emphasis on participating in existing collaborative systems, or facilitating those existing collaborative systems n in immigrant serving practice.

Yet, the public organizations have not been able to identify clear answers about how to make those goals to be achieved to date. This appears to be caused by complexities embedded in immigrant serving practices. In particular, complexities of the implicit collaboration mechanisms that participating organizations are sharing with one another in their own collaborative system. 

If complexities have stymied action in policy recommendations, field studies are needed to explore the complexities in order to identify the working mechanism in practice and to promote action in policy recommendation. In responding to the problem, this study aims to explore the complexities; particularly the antecedent conditional mechanisms that have driven the emergence of interdependent relationships among diverse organizational stakeholders involved in immigrant serving practice Then, the study will develop a decision supporting model that policy makers can harness to efficiently participate or effectively enhance the function of existing collaborative systems in immigrant serving practice.

To achieve the goal, this study conducts comparative case studies to measure and analyze the dynamic interactions among immigrant-serving, inter-organizational networks in S. Korea and the U.S. Using within-case analyses and cross-case comparisons of data sets constructed from multiple research methods, the study identifies the antecedent conditional mechanisms embedded in those structures and processes of existing inter-dependent and collaborative immigrant serving systems of immigration policy and practice. In particular, this study identifies the patterns and rules for partnership acquisition by diverse organizational stakeholders engaged in diverse immigration service production and provision.