The majority of U.S. federal environmental, health and safety statutes in the U.S. -- such as the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Occupational Safety and Health Act -- are implemented jointly by federal and state government agencies. All of the papers in this panel explore the role of federalism and the interaction of different levels of government in implementing and enforcing various environmental, health, and safety statutes. The first paper in this panel examines the relationship between state and federal enforcement of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. This paper focuses on determining how federal oversight and enforcement responds to state inspection intensity and the stringency of state regulation. The second paper also looks at environmental regulation, examining compliance behavior under three different environmental programs when both the regulator and the regulated entity are government actors. This paper considers how government regulation of other government entities may differ from regulation of private, for-profit firms. The final paper focuses on natural gas pipeline regulations and looks at the factors that drive states to assume responsibility from the federal government for implementing those regulations. This paper also analyzes the effectiveness of state programs at improving natural gas pipeline performance. Taken together, these three papers provide additional insight into the complex relationships and interactions between various levels of government in working to ensure compliance with the nation’s environmental, health, and safety regulations.