Children growing up in poverty face many obstacles such as huger, malnutrition, poor health, lack of education, and limited life opportunities. These challenges are especially prominent in developing countries where social policies and institutional support are insufficient. This panel includes a set of new papers examining these topics using recent household survey data from China, Tanzania, Vietnam, as well as aggregate data from the UN Human Development Index and the World Bank for over 45 developing countries. These papers use a variety of advanced statistical methods such as regression discontinuity and propensity score matching to provide rigorous assessment of policy impacts. Panelists include scholars from UNICEF, universities, and think tanks; from Australia, UK, and US; of different racial/ethnic groups; and both accomplished scholars and doctoral students. This unique panel will help draw attention to the growing scholarship on social policy and child outcomes in developing countries and stimulate discussions among academicians as well as policymakers.