Association for Public Policy Analysis & Management

China's One belt, One Road initiative has captured much attention worldwide. Some have called it a big challenge to the US and its global hegemonic policy, others have praised it for its win win idea that would help all people in the world without causing any losses to anyone. The initiative is based on the ancient Silk Road connecting China through Afghanistan, Iran (ancient Persia as the Pillar of the Silk Road, as the World State Persian Empire covered virtually half of the entire known world), to Europe. It is also based on the modern maritime shipping lines that recognizes no boarders and moves all the way to Africa and Latin/Central America. This paper focuses on the One Belt One Road in Afghanistan as a neighboring country currently in different crises of governance, security, war, drugs, and more. As a country through which the Silk Road, One Belt moves through Snaking Train to Iran and all the way to Europe, Afghanistan has become important to the development and implementation of this new global strategy. This paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities that are presented as a result of this initiative. The paper is both empirical and analytical.