Panel Paper: Changing Patterns of Food Insecurity Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: US Current Population Survey 2000-2010

Friday, November 7, 2014 : 10:35 AM
Grand Pavilion I (Hyatt)

*Names in bold indicate Presenter

Valarie Jernigan1, Kimberly Huyser2, Vanessa Watts Simonds3 and Jimmy Valdes2, (1)University of Oklahoma, (2)University of New Mexico, (3)Montana State University
American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) experience high rates of poverty and associated food insecurity, defined as the limited or uncertain availability of healthy foods.  While regional studies have found that AI/ANs experience food insecurity at greater rates than non-Hispanic whites (28% vs. 16%) no recent studies have assessed national rates of food insecurity among AI/ANs or examined changing patterns in food insecurity among AI/ANs over time.  Using the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement—a national survey conducted since 1995 to obtain information about household food expenditures, food program participation, food sufficiency, ways for coping with food insecurity, and concerns about food security—we analyzed the food insecurity trends of AI/ANs compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the US from 2000-2010. We used a series of cross-sectional logistic regressions to examine the likelihood of experiencing food insecurity and produced odds ratio estimates by race and ethnicity for each year of the survey. In our preliminary unadjusted models, we found that AI/ANs were three times more likely to experience food security compared to whites. When controlling for sociodemographic characteristics including poverty status and education, the AI/AN likelihood of food insecurity decreased, but AI/ANs remained 75% more likely to experience food insecurity than whites. Notably, in 2006, and correlating with the “The Great Recession,” which peaked in 2008-2009, the probability of experiencing food insecurity significantly increased for all racial and ethnic groups, and this pattern continued through 2010. In 2000 25% of AI/ANs were food insecure. By 2010 40% of AI/ANs were food insecure.  Overall, AI/ANs remain three times more likely to be food insecure than non-Hispanic whites.  Our findings highlight the vulnerable position of AI/ANs and the importance of national policies that promote health equity and the elimination of health disparities.