Panel Paper:
What Happens When the Insurer Can Say No? Assessing Prior Authorization As a Tool to Prevent High-Risk Prescriptions and to Lower Costs
Friday, November 3, 2017
Field (Hyatt Regency Chicago)
*Names in bold indicate Presenter
Insurers are increasingly requiring physicians to obtain prior authorization before prescribing drugs that are costly or have high abuse potential. These prior authorization requirements have the potential to reduce risky prescriptions and to lower prescription drug costs, but little is known about their ability to do either. This study estimates the effect of a prior authorization requirement for certain costly and abuse-prone drugs on prescription drug use, medical treatment, and health care costs for work-related injuries in Texas. The findings indicate that the prior authorization requirement reduces the likelihood that claimants receive non-preferred drugs as well as insurers' spending on non-preferred drugs. While there is some substitution to preferred drugs, increased spending on preferred drugs does not appear to offset the reduced spending on non-preferred drugs. I find no evidence that requiring prior authorization affects non-prescription medical care. The results provide strong evidence that the prior authorization requirement drastically reduces the likelihood that patients receive combinations of drugs that have contributed disproportionately to the rise in prescription drug overdoses. Despite the success of prior authorization in lowering costs and in reducing high-risk prescriptions, I find little evidence that prior authorization has disproportionately large effects on the most dangerous prescription drug use and only weak, suggestive evidence that it has larger effects on prescription drug use that likely arises because physicians are not fully informed, suggesting insurers do not necessarily use prior authorization requirements to target the riskiest drug use.
