Panel Paper:
Impact of Vertical and Horizontal Physician Practice Consolidation on Referral Network Size, Strength, and Stability
*Names in bold indicate Presenter
We use the SK&A physician dataset to identify several different types of consolidation events that have occurred in the United States from 2009-2015 among physician practices, including vertical consolidation, such as practices becoming owned by either hospitals or health systems, as well as horizontal consolidation, such as practices becoming affiliated with medical groups or otherwise merging with other physician practices. We then link these data using the National Provider Identifier to the DocGraph dataset to assess the impact of consolidation events on observed physician referral patterns, including the size, strength, and stability of referral networks. DocGraph uses Medicare claims data to develop several proxy measures of the existence and importance of referral relationships between individual physicians.
After examining pre-consolidation trends, we use a dynamic difference-in-differences (event study) approach to estimate the effect of each type of consolidation on several network analysis outcomes among physicians whose practices experienced a consolidation during the study period compared to those who were either already or never horizontally or vertically affiliated. These network analysis outcomes include raw and normalized measures of overall “widening” (the physician refers patients to a larger set of physicians than before) or “narrowing” (the physician refers patients to a smaller set of physicians than before) of physicians’ referral networks, as well as the strength of these networks (average number of shared patients within a referral relationship) and the stability of this network over time (percent of physicians who were in the physician’s network the previous year). We control for geographic market and physician specialty.