Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT)programs transfer cash to poor families to reduce immediate hardship and poverty. They condition the cash transfers on families' efforts to improve their "human capital" (typically, children's educational achievement and family health) in the hopeof reducing intergenerational poverty. Such programs have grown rapidly across lower- and middle-income countries, and evaluations have found some important successes. In 2007, Opportunity NYC- Family Rewards became the first comprehensive CCT to be attempted in a higher-income country. In 2012, with funding from the Social Innovation Fund, the Family Rewards model was replicated with modifications in two American cities, New York City and Memphis. Each of these programs owes a debt to Mexico's Opportunidades program (originally called Progresa), a pioneer of this policy tool. In this presentation, the panel will tackle the history, lessons learned, and new directions for CCTs from an international perspective.